Internal-combustion engine



L. N. JOHNSON 2,369,738

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Feb. 20, 1945.

Filed Sept. 22, 1942 s Sheets-Shet 1 Inventor Feb. 20, 1945. 1.. N. JOHNSON 2,369,738

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed'Sept. 22, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 a A! Q) /7 l7 2 /4 M no.1 I I, M i 1 H /6 H 1 ,7, fix i| 0 1H 0 {1H W H I 7 7 r a a (I J 5 F-.r N /7 g 7 a l M a m o In I 5 Hi 1 "\i 7 W H a a Q 0 5 Inventor .ZA/Yn M la/"M v 2mm W take stroke position of the Patented Feb. 20, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTEnNAL-co BUsnoN ENGINE Laney N. Johnson,- Columbus, Ga. Q Application September 22, 194i, SerialNo. 459,305

1 Claim.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines the principal object in view being to equip su h engines with efficient,

simply constructed mechanism of few parts for scavenging the cylinders of all burnt gases on the exhaust up-stroke of the pistons, and which is adapted for incorporation in present-day engines without material changes in the basic ceeding'description and claim are read with reference to the drawings accompanying and I forming part of this specification.

In said drawings: a I Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in vertical section illustrating my invention in a preferred embodiment thereof,

' Figure 2 is a similar. view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1,

Figure '3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the position of the parts in the intermediate inpiston, v

Figure 4 is .a similar view illustrating the parts in the intermediate. compression stroke position of the piston,

Figure 5 is a similar view illustrating the position of the parts in the approximate limit of the compression stroke of the piston,

Figuref6-is another similar view illustrating the position of the parts at the beginning of the power stroke of said piston, i Figure 7 is another similar view with the parts shown in the position they assume in the intermediate power stroke position' of the piston,

Figure 8 is another similar view with the parts positioned as in the intermediate exhaust stroke position of said piston,

Figure 9 is another similar view with the parts shown in the position they assume near the limit of the exhaust stroke of said piston, and I Figure 10 is a-view in vertical section of a modificationofthe invention.v

Referring now to the drawings by numerals, and first to Figures 1 to 9, wherein my improvements have been illustrated as embodied in a four-cycle engine of the in-line type having poppet valves and an overhead cam shaft such as are used for aircraft engines, I designates one of the rically reduced extension rod 1. The overhead cam shaft 8 journaled in bearings, as at 8', operates the valve rockers 9, In for the intake and exhaust poppet valves II, II .to open the same in opposition to the springs l3 and through the medium of the cams I! on said cam shaft, all in the usual and well understood manner.

According to my invention, the head casting 3 embodies an integral, auxiliary cylinder i4, coaxial with the cylinder l and forming a diametthereof opening into the top of the same, the diameter and length of the cylinder I4 depending on the bore of the cylinder l and the stroke of the piston 5 for reasons which will presently become apparent.

An auxiliary piston i5 is provided in the cylinder II; The cam shaft 8 is provided with a crank l6 operatively connected to the auxiliary piston I! by the usual type of connecting rod H. For reasons which will be understood, the cam shaft 0 in the type of engine illustrated is driven at half the speed of the crank shaft 6, as, for instance, through the medium of a sprocket and chain drive-6' between said shafts. The crank II and rod I1 and alsothe piston ii are so pro ..portioned that, as shown in Figures land 2, in

the limit of up-stroke movement of the piston 5,

' the auxiliary piston i5 is flush with" the inner end tinues to rise slowly during theintake stroke, as

cylinders surmounting the crank case Land" surmounted by a head casting 3 having the usual spark plug 4 turned therein. .The piston is .des-

ignated '5, the crankshaft l and the connecting fa V the auxiliary cylind 'pression stroke,

of the cylinder I4 andjthe two pistons are close' I together leaving substantially no space in the top of the cylinder Referring now to the operation, through a single' cycle of movementof the piston 5, as soon as the piston I begins its intake down-stroke, and the intake valve H opens, the auxiliary piston It begins to rise in the auxiliary cylinder i4, conillustrated in Figure 3, and during the comas illustrated in'Figure 4, until the piston 5 reaches the limit of its compression stroke, as shown in Figure 5., During the compression stroke, when, as will be,understood, the

intake valve I l is closed,.the auxiliary cylinder l4 provides an auxiliary compression chamber, as will be clear. At the beginning of the power stroke of the piston I, as shown in Figure 6, and

during that stroke, as illustrated in Figure 7, the auxiliary piston i5 descends, also during the exhaust stroke, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, until said pistons are close together in the approximate'position shownin Figures 1 and 2 and the auxiliary piston ii fi with the inner end of During such descent said piston functions of the auxiliarlipiflo to increase thelinternalifpralsure' the burnt gases in the cylinder I, and. together with the piston 5, to completely force such gases out of said cylinder by way oi the usual exhaust port in the cylinder. By providing the auxiliary pressure chamber described and reducing the capacity thereof during the power stroke, a fuel charge may be utilized or greater volume than in ordinary engines with increased operating emciency.

In Figure 10 my improvements have been shown as embodied in the reciprocating sleeve valve type engine cylinder ll having the intake and exhaust ports I9, 20 and with which the corresponding ports 2!, 22 01' the valve sleeve I 8' are adapted to register in the usual well known manner. In this embodiment, 23 designates the piston, 24 the crank shaft and 2| the connecting Manifestly, the invention is susceptible of various modifications without departing from the inventive concept, and right is herein reserved to such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claim,

What I claim is:

In an internal combustion engine including a cylinder and a drive shaft, a cylinder head, a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, valves in said iary cylinder 01' smaller diameter than the firstmentioned cylinder embodied in said head and forming an axial extension of said first cylinder rod. The auxiliary piston 20 is operative, in this instance, in the valve sleeve II in conjunction with the piston 23, through the medium of the cam shaft 21 and connecting rod 28. The pistons 23, 26 operate relatively in the same manner and for the same purpose as in the previously described embodiment of my invention.

The foregoing will, it is believed, sumce to impart a clear understanding 01' my invention without further explanation.

LANEY N. JOHNSON. 

